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The Vienna Circle philosopher Rudolf Carnap’s doctoral thesis in philosophy presented at the University of Jena in the previous year, printed here as a monograph in the journal Kant-Studien. “The thesis analyses the differences in logical character among the mathematical, physical, and intuitive (or psychological) concepts of space and sought to trace differences of opinion concerning ‘space’ to the fact that the term had a different meaning for mathematicians, for physicists, and for philosophers. Although the monograph cannot, of course, be regarded as a developed formulation of logical positivism, it already contained many of the chief elements of Carnap’s philosophical thought - in particular, a tendency to look on philosophical disputes as being largely due to failure to analyse logically the concepts employed, and a commitment to a basic empiricism supplemented by the methods of modern logic and mathematics” (Encyclopedia of Philosophy, II, p. 26).